Addiction of Opiates

Heroin, Codeine, papaverine and morphine are all related drugs, as they all have the same source. These medicines are stripped of rubber made from plant opium, which is scientifically called the papaver somniferum of the family papaveracea, in slices.

In general, medicines deprived of this plant are called opioids.

Clinically: Opioids are considered narcotic analgesics, they are usually combined with anesthetics. They can also be used as cough and astringent drugs for diarrhea. But abuse of this drug without consulting a doctor or pharmacist often leads to dependence and then addiction.

This article will focus on the pharmacological effects of opioids, the symptoms of their abuse and withdrawal, and how to treat or overcome their addiction.

1- Let's start with Morphine:

It is the strongest sedative, it alters the perception of pain, it is given primarily as an injection before and after surgery and during anesthesia, also acts as a gastric sedative.

Although CLINICAL Doses DO NOT PROVIDE SUGGESTIONS. It is so addictive, the body builds tolerance to it until larger and larger doses may be needed to have the same effect. Morphine also suppresses the respiratory function of the central nervous system so that high doses of morphine can be killed by respiratory arrest.

Morphine interacts primarily with opioid receptors in certain brain cells and other anatomic structures such as the gastrointestinal tract and the bladder.

The effects of morphine on the body include:

1- student's eyes.

2- vomiting.

3 - Reduces the effect of cough reflexes.

4- Morphine lowers the respiratory rate by depression of the respiratory center, which can lead to excessive death.

- Analgesia.

6- Morphine activates the brain's reward system, which leads to satisfaction.

7- Morphine releases histamine from mast cells leading to urticaria

8- Increase the secretion of growth hormone.

Addiction and Tolerance to Drugs:

Addiction to morphine occurs as a result of depression, sedation and analgesia.

Production produces a series of autonomic, motor, and psychological reactions that burden individuals and cause serious symptoms, though rarely causing death.

2- Codeine:

Codeine is a simple sedative that is used to relieve pain when combined with acetaminophen and to suppress cough at doses that do not cause analgesia. Codeine crosses the blood-brain barrier and activates the reward system in the brain by stimulating the release of certain neurotransmitters.

Some individuals use it for legal medical purposes, but over time develop addiction problems. After prolonged use, an individual develops tolerance to this substance and needs to take more medication to feel the effect.

3- Heroine:

Heroin is considered a non-opioid drug because it is synthesized in part in a laboratory with morphine acetylation.

Heroin is a highly addictive opiate drug that is considered the most common.

Heroin is stronger than morphine

Most street heroines are cut with substances such as sugar or starch or milk powder, so heroin abusers do not really know the true power of drugs, and they are at high risk of overdose and death.

Heroin usually injects, smells or smokes.

Opiates addiction treatment:

It's not easy. Because addiction is a chronic disease, people cannot stop using the drug for a few days and recover. Most patients require long-term or repeated care to stop using it completely and recover their lives.

Apomorphine: is a substance that is administered to addicts (especially heroin addicts) for about seven days resulting in detoxification of the addict's body with little or no side effects.

Methadone: developed by the Nazis during World War II after a lack of morphine, found doctors who not only worked drugs, but also survived.

Buprenorphine: A partial agonist that has a mild circulatory effect and reduces production craving (popular in France)

Doloxine: a psychotic way to detoxify, but the side effects are bad.

Naltrexone: antagonist.

Addiction of Opiates


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