Glucose level refers to the amount of glucose found in a person's blood. Blood flow is a way of transporting glucose to the cells around a person's body where it is a major source of energy. The blood sugar level is about 90mg / 100ml. Assuming that the average adult has about 5 liters of blood, the amount of glucose circulating in the blood is about 3.3 to 7 grams. The right amount actually fluctuates throughout the day, with lower blood glucose in the morning before breakfast, and temporarily increases by a few grams for an hour or two after eating. Eating a diet rich in sugar can lead to high blood sugar but it can also occur naturally when a person's body is having difficulty producing insulin or insulin resistance.
There are two causes of high blood sugar in the morning - the dawn and the effects of Somogyi or chronic Somogyi blindness. The effects of dawn reflect an increase in blood sugar levels in the morning because of changes in the body during sleep which causes insulin levels to decline. It may also be due to the release of growth hormone, which usually occurs in the early morning. A person's blood sugar level is naturally regulated by insulin but for people suffering from diabetes glucose levels are consciously managed by taking insulin, diabetes medications, and following a strict diet plan. Not following this leads to high blood sugar in the morning known as Somogyi. For example, if someone takes insulin too early in the evening or doesn't have enough to eat in the evening before bedtime, blood sugar drops in the middle of the night causing the body to release hormones that increase sugar levels. Low blood glucose levels that occur in diabetes are known as hypoglycemia. Taking an insufficient dose of insulin at bedtime will also lead to high blood sugar in the morning.
To determine which of the two causes of high blood sugar is the cause, doctors will need blood glucose monitoring for several nights between two and three in the morning. If blood sugar is normal or high at this time, the dawn phenomenon is the cause of high morning glucose levels. If blood sugar is low during this period, the Somogy effect is the cause. To better control your blood sugar levels, the following steps will be taken by the patient:
- Monitor your blood glucose levels often
- Change the type of insulin taken in the evening (long or short acting)
- Take extra insulin in the evening
- Increase your insulin dose in the morning
- Use a programmed insulin pump to release insulin at the required dose at the appropriate time
- Eat a light breakfast
- Follow a person's diet strictly throughout the day
- Adjust one's medication if foods that are not included in the diet are eaten
- Get enough training
Causes of High Blood Glucose Levels in the Morning
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